PRODUKSI PENISILIN OLEH Penicillium chrysogenum L112 DENGAN VARIASI KECEPATAN AGITASI PADA FERMENTOR 1 L

Penulis

  • Saadah D Rachman Departemen Kimia, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Padjadjaran,
  • Agus Safari Departemen Kimia, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Padjadjaran,
  • Fazli Fazl Departemen Kimia, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Padjadjaran,
  • Dian S Kamara Departemen Kimia, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Padjadjaran,
  • Abubakar Sidik
  • Linar Z Udin Pusat Penelitian Kimia Terapan LIPI Bandung, Jln. Cisitu-Sangkuriang Bandung 40135
  • Safri Ishmayana Pusat Penelitian Kimia Terapan LIPI Bandung, Jln. Cisitu-Sangkuriang Bandung 40135

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26874/kjif.v4i2.59

Abstrak

ABSTRAK
Penisilin merupakan golongan antibiotika β-laktam yang memiliki nilai komersial tinggi karena
digunakan secara luas untuk memproduksi antibiotik semisintetik lain (amoksilin, ampisilin) serta
mempunyai kemampuan mengatasi infeksi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri. Proses produksi penisilin
pada skala industri dilakukan dalam skala besar memerlukan kondisi agitasi optimum. Penelitian ini
dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh agitasi terhadap pembentukan penisilin dari Penicillium
chrysogenum L112, yang mempunyai aktivitas antibiotika tertinggi terhadap beberapa bakteri uji. P.
chrysogenum L112 yang telah diregenerasi pada suhu 30°C selama 7 hari disuspensikan dengan air
suling steril. Suspensi ini diinokulasikan ke dalam media vegetasi sebanyak 2% (v/v). Selanjutnya
diaktivasi pada 120 rpm dan 28°C selama 60 jam. Hasil aktivasi diinokulasi ke dalam media
fermentasi sebanyak 10% (v/v), fermentasi menggunakan fermentor skala 1 L dengan kondisi pH 7,
aerasi 1 vvm, suhu 28°C selama 240 jam. Kecepatan agitasi divariasikan pada 100, 150 dan 200 rpm.
Setiap 24 jam dilakukan pengambilan contoh untuk keperluan analisa yang meliputi pengukuran pH,
berat kering sel, uji aktivitas antibiotika dan konsentrasi glukosa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan
bahwa agitasi dan waktu inkubasi berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan Penicillium chrysogenum L112
dalam menghasilkan penisilin. Setiap bakteri uji memberikan respon yang berbeda terhadap aktivitas
antibiotika penisilin yang dihasilkan. Aktivitas antibiotika penisilin terbaik ditunjukkan pada agitasi
150 rpm pada waktu inkubasi 192 jam dengan aktivitas penghambatan tertinggi terhadap Escherichia
coli dengan zona bening 37 mm.

Kata Kunci: penisilin, antibiotika, Penicillium chrysogenum, fermentasi


ABSTRACT
Penicillin refers to a group of β-lactam antibiotics with high commercial value because it is precursor
for semi synthetic antibiotics such as amoxicillin and ampicillin. It also has high antibacterial
activity. Penicillin production in industrial scale uses large fermentation reactor which require
optimum agitation. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of agitation speed on
penicillin production using Penicillium chrysogenum L112, which have high antibiotics activity
against some bacteria. P. chrysogenum L112 which regenerated at 30°C for 7 days was suspended
with distilled water. The suspension was inoculated to vegetation media to reach 2% (v/v) final
concentration. It was then followed by activation at 28°C for 60 hours with 120 rpm agitation speed.
The activated culture was inoculated to fermentation media to give 10% (v/v) final concentration in a
1 L fermenter at pH 7 and 28°C, aeration of 1 vvm, for 240 hours. Agitation speed was varied at 100,
150 and 200 rpm. Sample was collected every 24 hours and checked for its pH, dry cell weight, and
antibiotics activity. The results of the present study indicate that agitation speed and time of
incubation affected the P. chrysogenum ability to produce penicillin. The crude extract showed
different effect when tested against different bacteria, which indicate different amount of penicillin
produced. The best antibiotics activity was found at 150 rpm agitation speed, incubation time of 192
hours. The highest inhibition was found for Escherichia coli which showed 37 mm clear zone.


Keywords: penicillin, antibiotics, Penicillium chrysogenum, fermentation

Biografi Penulis

Abubakar Sidik

Departemen Kimia, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Padjadjaran,

Referensi

Birol, G, Ãœndey, C, Parulekar, SJ & Cinar, A 2002, 'A morphologically structured model for penicillin production', Biotechnology and Bioengineering, vol 77, no. 5, pp. 538-552.

Crueger, W & Crueger, A 1984, Biotechnology: a textbook of industrial microbiology, Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland.

Deo, YM & Gaucher, GM 1984, 'Semicontinuous and continuous production of penicillin-G by Penicillium chrysogenum cells immobilized in κ-carrageenan beads', Biotechnology and Bioengineering, vol 26, pp. 285-295.

Elander, RP 2003, 'Industrial production β-lactam antibiotics', Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, vol 61, pp. 385-392.

El-Sabbagh, N, McNeil, B & Harvey, LM 2006, 'Dissolved carbon dioxide effects on growth, nutrient consumption, penicillin synthesis and morphology in batch cultures of Penicillium chrysogenum', Enzyme and Microbial Technology, vol 39, pp. 185–190.

El-Sayed, AMM & Rehm, HJ 1987, 'Semicontinuous penicillin production by two Penicillium chrysogenum strains immobilized in calcium alginate beads', Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, vol 26, no. 3, pp. 211-214.

Houbraken, J, Frisvad, JC, Seifert, KA, Overy, DP & Tuthill, DM 2012, 'New penicillin-producing Penicillium species and an overview of section Chrysogena', Persoonia, vol 29, pp. 78–100.

Judoamidjojo, M, Darwis, AA & Said, EG 1992, Teknologi Fermentasi, Bumi Aksara , Jakarta.

Kardos, N & Demain, AL 2011, 'Penicillin: the medicine with the greatest impact on therapeutic outcomes', Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, vol 92, pp. 677-687.

Koffler, H, Emerson, RL, Perlman, D & Burris, RH 1945, 'Chemical changes in submerged penicillin fermentation', Journal of Bacteriology, vol 50, no. 5, pp. 517-548.

Rani, SA, Jetty, A & Ramakrishna, SV 2003, 'Penicillin production in continuous stirred tank reactor by Penicillium chrysogenum immobilized in agar', Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Quarterly, vol 17, no. 2, pp. 119-122.

Smith, JJ & Lilly, MD 1990, 'The effect of agitation on the morphology and penicillin production of Penicillium chrysogenum', Biotechnology and Bioengineering, vol 35, pp. 1011-1023.

Volk, WA & Wheeler, MF 1993, Mikrobiologi Dasar, Erlangga, Jakarta.

Weber, SS, Bovenberg, RAL & Driessen, AJM 2012, 'Biosynthetic concepts for the production of β-lactam antibiotics', Biotechnology Journal, vol 7, pp. 225–236.

##submission.downloads##

Diterbitkan

2016-12-28

Cara Mengutip

Rachman, S. D., Safari, A., Fazl, F., Kamara, D. S., Sidik, A., Udin, L. Z., & Ishmayana, S. (2016). PRODUKSI PENISILIN OLEH Penicillium chrysogenum L112 DENGAN VARIASI KECEPATAN AGITASI PADA FERMENTOR 1 L. Kartika : Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi, 4(2), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.26874/kjif.v4i2.59

Terbitan

Bagian

Articles