POTENSI EKSTRAK JAHE MERAH (Zingiber officinale Roscoe var. sunti), PEGAGAN (Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.) DAN KAYU MANIS (Cinnamomum Burmanni (C.Ness & T.Ness)) SEBAGAI HERBAL PENUNDA KEPIKUNAN
Main Article Content
Demensia atau kepikunan merupakan sindrom yang disebabkan oleh gangguan di otak. Sebanyak 60-70% demensia disebabkan oleh penyakit alzheimer. Penyakit alzheimer disebabkan oleh adanya penurunan asetilkolin (ACh) karena dihidrolisis oleh enzim asetilkolinesterase (AChE). Penghambatan aktivitas enzim AChE digunakan sebagai terapi penyakit alzheimer. Tanaman herbal memiliki potensi untuk menghambat enzim asetilkolinesterase karena memiliki banyak kandungan kimia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan aktivitas peghambatan enzim AChE dari 3 jenis tumbuhan yang ada di Indonesia yaitu jahe merah (Zingiber officinale Roscoe var. sunti), pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.), dan kayu manis (Cinnamomum burmanni (C.Ness & T.Ness)) serta kombinasi masing-masing ekstrak. Proses ekstraksi simplisia menggunakan metode maserasi dalam etanol 96%. Pengujian aktivitas penghambat asetilkolinesterase (AChE) menggunakan metode Ellman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak etanol herba pegagan, dan kulit kayu manis berturut-turut sebesar 818,011 ug/mL dan 186,737 ug/mL, sedangkan ekstrak etanol jahe merah memiliki nilai IC50 > 1000 ug/mL. Nilai IC50 zat aktif donepezil adalah 0,277 ug/mL. Ekstrak etanol kulit kayu manis menunjukkan aktivitas penghambatan enzim AChE paling baik. Kombinasi ekstrak rimpang jahe merah dan kulit kayu manis dengan nilai IC50 293,166 ug/mL lebih lemah dari ekstrak tunggalnya, diduga sifat kombinasi kedua ekstrak tersebut antagonis. Ekstrak etanol kulit kayu manis paling berpotensi untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut sebagai herbal penunda kepikunan.
Kata kunci : Kepikunan, jahe merah, pegagan, kayu manis.
Abstract
Dementia is a syndrome caused by a variety of brain disorder. About 60-70% dementia is caused by alzheimer disease. Decrease in acetylcholine level led by the hydrolysis of acetylcholinesterase enzym (AChE) has been the common cause of Alzheimer disease. Inhibitory activity of AChE enzyme is used in the alzheimer disease therapy. Herbal plants have the potential as the AChE inhibitor because it contains a lot of chemical compounds. This study aims at studying the inhibitory activity of acetylcholinesterase enzyme of three plants existing in Indonesia, namely Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe var. sunti), Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.) and Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanni (C.Ness & T.Ness)) as well as the combination of their respective extracts. Simplicia was extracted with maceration method using ethanol 96%. AChE inhibitory activity was tested using Ellman method. The results show that IC50 value of ethanolic extracts of Gotu Kola and Cinnamon herbs are 818.011 ug/mL and 186.737 ug/mL respectively, while for red ginger is > 1000 ug/mL. The IC50 value of donepezil active substance is 0.277 ug/mL. Ethanolic extract of Cinnamon was found to have the best inhibitory activity of AChE enzyme. Combined extracts of red ginger and cinnamon with the IC50 value of 293.166 ug/mL has been the most effective inhibitor of AChE enzyme. Cinnamon ethanolic extract has the greatest potential for further development in the herbal extracts for dementia prevention.
Keywords : dementia, red ginger, gotu kola, cinnamon.
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