ISOLASI SENYAWA AKTIF ANTIJAMUR Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht DARI DAUN CENGKEH
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ABSTRAK
Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan isolasi dan identifikasi senyawa aktif antijamur dari ekstrak n-heksan, etil asetat ,methanol dan minyak atsiri tanaman obat daun cengkeh ( Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merrill and Perry), terhadap pertumbuhan jamur Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. Uji aktivitas antijamur menggunakan metode difusi agar dengan menghitung prosentase penghambatan pertumbuhan radial miselium jamur pada hari ke tujuh. Konsentrasi ekstrak yang digunakan untuk uji aktivitas antijamur, yaitu 2,5%, 5%, dan 10%. Ekstrak n-heksan dan minyak atsiri daun cengkeh memiliki aktivitas antijamur tinggi, yaitu 76-100%. Selanjutnya, ekstrak n-heksan difraksinasi menggunakan kromatografi cair vakum, kromatografi kolom dan kromatotron. Identifikasi senyawa dianalisis dengan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT) dan Kromatografi Gas-Spektroskopi Massa (KG-SM). Pada ekstrak n-heksan yang didapatkan 2 subfraksi. Subfraksi 1 memiliki aktivitas antijamur 32,72% pada konsentrasi 5% dan subfraksi 2 dengan aktivitasnya 90,90% pada konsentrasi 2,5%. Data KG-SM menunjukkan kandungan utama subfraksi 1 adanya senyawa karyofilen (BM 204) dan subfraksi 2 eugenol (BM 164).
Kata kunci : Antijamur, Fusarium oxysporium, tanaman obat
ABSTRACT
This research has been performed, the isolation and identification the antifungal activity of extracts of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and essential oils from medicinal plant cloves (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merrill and Perry), against the growth of the fungus Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. Antifungal activity test, using the jelly diffusion method by calculating the percentage inhibition of radial growth of fungal mycelium on the seventh day. Concentration of extract used to test the antifungal activity was 2.5%, 5% and 10%. N-hexane extracts and essential oils of clove leaf has a high antifungal activity, which is 76-100%. Further, n-hexane extract was fractionated using vacuum liquid chromatography, chromatography columns and chromatotron. Identification of the compound was analyzed by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). In the n-hexane extract obtained 2 subfractions. Subfraction 1 has antifungal activity of 32.72% at concentration of 5% and subfraction 2 has antifungal activity of 90.90% at concentration of 2,5%. GC-MS data shows that the major component of subfraction 1 was caryophyllene (M = 204) and subfraction 2 was eugenol (M =164).
Keywords : Antifungal, Fusarium oxysporium, medicinal plant cloves.
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