OPTIMASI INDUKSI KALUS TANAMAN CABE JAWA (Piper retrofractum Vahl) DENGAN BERBAGAI VARIASI ZAT PENGATUR TUMBUH
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ABSTRAK
Cabe jawa (Piper retrofractum Vahl) merupakan tanaman obat yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan dengan metode kultur jaringan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh zat pengatur tumbuh (ZPT) yaitu 2,4 dichlorophenoxiacetic asam (2,4-D), 6-benzilaminopurin (BAP) dan kinetin terhadap pertumbuhan kalus dan produksi metabolit sekunder dari cabe jawa. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan dengan dua perbandingan ZPT yaitu 2,4-D : BAP (0 : 0,5ppm, 0,5 : 0,5ppm, 0,5 : 0ppm) dan 2,4 : Kinetin (0 : 0,5ppm, 0,5 : 0,5ppm, 0,5 : 0 ppm). Data yang dikumpulkan adalah data kualitatif (morfologi kalus termasuk tekstur, warna kalus dan metabolisme sekunder) dan data kuantitatif (kalus berat basah dan berat kering). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan ZPT 2,4-D:BAP (0,5ppm:0,5ppm) sebagai konsentrasi optimum untuk menginduksi kalus. Metabolit sekunder dari kalus cabe jawa dianalisis dengan metode kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) mengguakan fase gerak n-heksan : etil asetat (3:7) dan toluen : etil asetat (1:1). Berdasarkan hasil KLT tersebut menunjukkan pola kromatogram kalus cabe jawa yang menunjukkan senyawa steroid, triterpenoid dan flavonoid.
Kata Kunci : Daun Cabe Jawa, Kultur Jaringan, Zat Pengatur Tumbuh, Kromatografi Lapis Tipis.
ABSTRACT
Piper retrofractum Vahl is a medicinal plant potentially to be developed with in vitro culture method. The objectives of the research were to study the effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxiacetic acid (2,4-D), 6-benzilaminopurin (BAP) and kinetin on callus growth and secondary metabolism production from Piper retrofractum Vahl. The research used factorial completely randomized design with two factors 2,4-D : BAP (0 : 0,5ppm, 0,5 : 0,5ppm, 0,5 : 0ppm) and 2,4:Kinetin (0 : 0,5ppm, 0,5 : 0,5ppm, 0,5 : 0 ppm). Data that be collected were qualitative data (callus morphology included texture, colour of callus and secondary metabolism from Thin Layer Chromatography’s method) and quantitative data (callus wet weight and callus dry weight). The result of the research indicated that the treatment with addition plant regulation 2,4-D : BAP (0,5 ppm : 0,5 ppm) on MS medium as an optimum combination concentration to induce callus. Secondary metabolites was analyzed by qualitative methods for callus and cabe jawa leaves without in vitro culture using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) eluted by n-hexane : acetate etil (3:7) and toluene : acetate etil (1:1). Based on TLC results show that callus cabe jawa containing steroid, triterpenoids and flavonoid.
Keyword : Cabe Jawa leaves, Plant Tissue Culture, Growth Hormone, Thin Layer Chromatography.
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