UJI TOKSISITAS AKUT EKSTRAK AIR HERBA PECUT KUDA (Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L) VAHL) PADA MENCIT SWISS WEBSTER
Main Article Content
ABSTRAK
Herba pecut kuda (Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl) secara tradisional dapat digunakan untuk mengobati berbagai penyakit, seperti infeksi dan batu saluran kencing, diuretik, rheumatik, sakit tenggorokan (faringitis), pembersih darah, datang haid tidak teratur, keputihan, hepatitis A. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keamanan penggunaan herba pecut kuda pada hewan uji. Ekstrak air herba pecut kuda dibuat dengan metode perebusan dalam air suling selama 30 menit. Pengujian toksisitas akut dilakukan mengacu pada pedoman BPOM. Pengujian toksisitas akut dilakukan pada mencit Swiss Webster jantan dan betina dengan pemberian tunggal ekstrak air herba pecut kuda pada dosis 100, 500, 2.000, 5.000 dan 10.000 mg/kg bb. Pengamatan dilakukan selama 14 hari. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa selama 14 hari setelah pemberian tunggal ekstrak air herba pecut kuda, tidak ada kematian pada seluruh hewan uji. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa LD50 ekstrak air herba pecut kuda lebih besar dari 5.000 mg/kg bb.
Kata kunci: pecut kuda, Stachytarpheta jamaicensis, toksisitas akut, ekstrak air, LD50
ABSTRACT
Traditionally, Pecut kuda (Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.)Vahl) is used to treat various diseases such diuretic and rheumatic. The research objective was to determine safety of water extract S. jamaicensis herbas in mice. Water extract of S. jamaicensis were made using boiled water for 30 minutes. Acute toxicity test was done according to BPOM. Acute toxicity test was performed on Swiss Webster mice with a single administration of the water extract at doses of 100, 500, 2.000, 5.000 and 10.000 mg/kg bw. Observations of animal were done for a total of 14 days. The results showed that during 14 days of observation after single oral administration of water extract of S. jamaicensis up to 10000 mg/kg bw showed no toxicity of all experimental animals. It can be conclude that LD50 of water extract of S. jamaicensis is greater than 5.000 mg/kg bw.
Keywords: pecut kuda, Stachytarpheta jamaicensis, acute toxicity, water extract, LD50
Arnold, D. L., Harold C. G., and D. R. Krewski, 1990, Handbook of In Vivo Toxicity Testing, Academic Press, Inc., Toronto,
Ataman, J E, et al., et al. Histopathologic effects of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl. in Wistar Rats. 3, 2006, Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, Vol. 9, hal. 477-482.
Dalimartha, S. Atlas Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia Jilid II. Jakarta : Trubus Agriwidya, 2000. hal. 146-148.
Indonesia, Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Republik. Peraturan Kepala BPOM RI no. 7 Tahun 2014 tentang Pedoman Uji Toksisitas Nonklinik secara in vivo. Jakarta : s.n., 2014
Laurence, D. L. and A. L. Bacharach, 1964, Evaluation Of Drug Activities : Pharmacometrics, Vol, Academic Press, London.
Meena, R dan Pitchai, R. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity and preliminary phytochemical studies on whole plant of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl. 3, 2011, International Research of Journal of Pharmacy, Vol. 2, hal. 234-239.
Nielsen, E., Grete Ostergaard, John Christian Larsen, 2008, Toxicological Risk Assessment of Chemicals : A Practical Guide, Informa Healhtcare, New York, 107 - 111.
Research Guideline for Evaluating The Safety and Efficacy of Herbal Medicines, 1993, WHO-Regional Office For The Westrn Pasific, Manila.
Sulaiman, M R, et al., et al. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Stachyartarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl (Verbebaceae) in Experimental Animal Models. 2007, Medical Principle and Practise, Vol. 19, hal. 272-279.
Thompson, E. B., 1985, Drug Bioscreening Fundamentals of Drug Evaluation Techniques in Pharmacology, Graceway Publ. Co Inc., New York.
Zar, Jerrold H., 1996, Biostatistical Analysis, 3rd Edition, Prentice-Hall International, Inc, USA.
